Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms and Treatment

Type 2 diabetes Symptoms and Treatment

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes or Non-insulin dependent diabetes is a progressive disorder characterized by increasing insulin resistance and decreasing insulin secretion from pancreas which starts usually at an older age,but now its also detected in children, mainly due to obesity and it doesn't require outer insulin But this is not true; because if this type 2 diabetes aggravates and goes out of control we need to give outer insulin with non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs . Good thing for this type 2 diabetes is that one doesn’t need to have insulin injection or outer insulin formulations and body pancreas is capable to produce some of its insulin in the start of type 2 diabetes. In this type, the doctor usually gives drugs which cause production and release of human own insulin and these drugs increase the insulin effects on muscles, causing them to use more blood glucose.

How to know if you have diabetes type 2?

There are some test by which one can know if they have diabetes type 2 or not:

Serum concentration of HbA1c. Hemoglobin A1c is a glycosylated hemoglobin which serves as a marker of glycemia or diabetes. if HbA1c is 7.5% or more its dangerous condition at 6% it's normal and called tight control over diabetes.
The normal level of blood glucose is up to 140mg/dl. if your Random glucose level is more than 200mg/dl or fasting blood glucose level is more than 140mg/dl you have diabetes.
Glucose tolerance test is performed, if serum level of glucose is more than 200mg/dl 2 hours after glucose loading than its diabetes.

Think of Diabetes/Risk factors/symptoms

If these symptoms are present in someone he should think of diabetes he might have.

Hypertension: increased blood pressure. diabetes and hypertension are closely related
Polyuria: increased frequency of urination.
Polydipsia: increased thirst. a diabetic feels more thirsty
Fruity smell: a diabetic exhales fruity odor air which is due to ketone body formation
Hyperglycemia
Peripheral neuropathy: diabetes causes peripheral neuropathy which means sensations are lost and diabetic is than more prone to injuries.
Obesity
Familial history: type 2 diabetes due to genetic aspects has a familial predisposition and run in families.

Genetic aspects of type 2 diabetes:

Diabetes also has genetic aspects that is why it runs in families.Here are genes whose mutation may lead to diabetes:

TCF7L2: affecting insulin secretion and glucose production.
ABCC8: helping regulate insulin.
CAPN10: which is associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Mexican-Americans.
GLUT2: is a receptor channel helping insulin movement in the pancreas
GCGR: a glucagon hormone which helps in glucose regulation.

How to prevent type 2 diabetes?

Don’t worry type 2 diabetes can be prevented we just need will to overcome it because everything is mostly possible

Regular exercise
Weight loss
Proper diet planning
Less sugar intake, eat vegetables and fibrous foods .carrots apple and other fruits.
Proper Hygienic measures

Treatment:

At first, the doctor prefers to exercise and diet balance, if this cannot undo to normal glucose level medicines, are given to patient which increases body own insulin production and its effects. various drugs included in the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes are as follows